In the field of biology, a transgene is a genetic material that has been transferred from one specimen to another, whether of the same species or another. The being resulting from this process is what is known as transgenic. A transgenic living organism (be it plant, animal or microorganism), will then be one that presents a gene that does not correspond to its species.
This would be, scientifically, the most subtle way to create a hybrid, since a property of interest would be taken from one organism and later added to another. The creation of transgenic organisms requires the combination of two important elements: a "promoter", which represents the normalizing sequence that will fix, when and where the transgene will be activated. The other element is an "exon" which is a collecting sequence of proteins.
The plan to create organisms that can be coupled to defined requirements is one of the oldest sciences. For example, the selective breeding of plants and animals is a procedure that has been practiced for many years.
On the other hand, it is important to note that the work carried out by scientists in relation to transgenes is a very frequent action within laboratories. Here GMOs are often used to simplify proteins from one organism to another.
In agriculture and livestock is where these transgenic processes have been carried out the most. In the case of agriculture, this has focused on the design of a great variety of transgenic plants that have been created in order to produce fully genetically transformed crops. Some of these plants are soybeans, cotton, corn, etc.
It should be noted that plants are usually easier to transgenize compared to animals, as is the case with yeasts, which are simpler than plants. When an organism is more complex, it will have many controls at the time of the expression of a gene, so it will be more complicated for it to manifest the protein of a constituted gene.
As for livestock, there are also transgenic animals, these animals have been genetically transformed in order to increase their production, as is the case of milk and meat or also to embed genes from another species in them, in order to multiply the growth rate. Similarly, it should not be forgotten that microorganisms such as bacteria can also be transgenic, in this case their genes have been changed so that they can be used to produce an industrial product, such as a vaccine.
