Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which a low platelet balance is revealed. Platelets or thrombocytes as they are also called are colorless blood cells that assist the blood to clot. Platelets stop bleeding by clumping and plugging wounds in blood vessels. Thrombocytopenia is any means of lowering the amount of mobile platelets in the bloodstream below normal levels, that is, with a platelet balance of less than 100,000 / mm³. In general processes, the standard values are between 150,000 / mm³ and 450,000 / mm³ platelets per cubic millimeter. Thrombocytopenia most frequently disturbs people 15 to 25 years of age.
Thrombocytopenia constantly breaks down into 3 major principles of low platelets: Low platelet manufacture in the bone marrow; Increased breakdown of platelets in the bloodstream; Enlargement of platelet breakdown in the liver or spleen.
The signs and symptoms that thrombocytopenia encompasses can be:
- Predisposition to bruising and exuberance of purple bruises.
- Superficial bleeding in the skin that erupts in the form of a rash with red and purple spots in small dimensions, usually it appears in the lower legs.
- Extensive bleeding from cuts in the skin.
- Mucous or nose bleeding.
- Bloody urine or stools.
- Menstruation has an unusually excessive flow.
- Spleen enlargement.
Internal bleeding is alarming as it can occur when the platelet balance is below 10,000 platelets per microliter. If very rare, severe thrombocytopenia can cause bleeding within the brain, which could be fatal for the person with thrombocytopenia.
Thrombocytopenia is classified into three classes:
- Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: It is an allergy caused by immune devices that reduces the number of motile platelets during the first 7 days after starting treatment with a new medicine, or during the first 2 to 3 days after continuation of a treatment.
- Thrombocytopenia Purpura of spontaneous interruption: it is due to the autoimmune disorder that gives part to the creation of anti-platelet antibodies, so that the platelets expose a greater delicacy before phagocytosis and destruction in the spleen.
- Thrombotic purpura Thrombocytopenic: It is a comparatively rare disorder that affects women in their 20s and 30s. It may correspond to an endothelial contusion with emancipation of procoagulant marrow from the endothelial cells.
