The verb is a word that can be transformed or modified in order to give meaning to the action carried out by a person. The term means the description of an action or state of the subject, which is of utmost importance, since it determines the division between who is being talked about and the predicate. In the grammatical aspect, the verb is the nucleus of the sentence because it indicates the action that the subject will do or what he seeks to express, whether they are feelings, actions, attitudes, moods, among others.
What is the verb
Table of Contents
The verb, as seen in the previous section, is part of the lexical sentence that provides an expression of movement, existence, action, condition, achievement or state to the subject. In itself, this word has the representation of a preaching. If a sentence is parsed, the verb that is conjugated works correctly as the syntactic core of the predicate. If this is conjugated, then it occupies the nucleus of time. Otherwise, then the verb occupies a simple unit.
These words are used daily, they allow the language of civilizations to be complete, to be understood and to have congruence, coherence and meaning when communicating with each other. In any sentence, whether written or spoken, a word is mentioned that informs what is being done, how it is done and when it is carried out, that is, knowledge is given about the action that is being carried out. Just that word is the verb. This is imperative in any sentence and, in fact, there can be several of them in a single paragraph, being able to be conjugated verbs, verbs in the past tense, verbs in the past simple, verbs in the present or an imperative verb.
Types of verbs
Like most of the terms that are developed on this website, this word has a special classification, making it clear that there are classes of verbs that can be used in a paragraph. The classes of verbs that will be explained next, allow the reader to identify the type of text that he is reading and the actions that are carried out in the reading.
Auxiliary verbs
This type of expression lacks lexical content, however, it is used as an ideal complement to the main verb. It is expressed as a mode, polarity, time, aspect or a voice. Most auxiliary verbs have referential characteristics, the same as those found in main verbs, however, they do not have the same focus or effect in paragraphs. There is no specific number of auxiliaries so, grammatically, these are finite, but they do not have as much use as the rest.
These can be part of the verbs in Spanish or verbs in English, it is indifferent as long as they help the main verb. For example, "I'm going to go to work. " The auxiliary word is "to get to."
Regular verbs
They are uniformly conjugated and have no changes in the stem, in fact, these can be easily recognized due to their endings in er, ir or ar. For example, love, leave, fear. These are used according to the time and the way in which they are to be conjugated. Unlike the previous type, these can only be used in verbs in Spanish, French and German. These can also be verbs in the past simple, since the time in which they are conjugated is taken into account. Ex: "Pedro loves poetry"
Irregular verbs
They are also conjugated verbs, but unlike regular ones, these do change their stem. In short, the existing rules in the list of general verbs do not apply to the irregular ones. Here, phonetic changes can be experienced, either by vowel (hit - hit, ask - ask, power - can) consonant (seem - seem, belong - belong, leave - leave - leave) and, finally, mixed irregularities (know - know). For example, if the verb "be" were regular, it would say "I this", however, as it is irregular, the phrase changes to "I am".
Impersonal verbs
These can only be used in infinite sentences and, as a rule, in the third person for each grammar tense. By calling themselves impersonal, they make it clear that they do not have a person, they fail to incorporate a personal pronoun, that is, they do not have a subject. These are known as verbs in the past tense, since the actions carried out in the past of the text are not necessarily related to the events of the present, for example, the verb "have" can be used as "there is, there was or there will be". Sentences with impersonal verbs abound, so it is not surprising to find them in different texts.
Defective verbs
There are no verb forms in the conjugations within this category, in fact, it does not have one or more of the tenses that are originally found in most of the words. Some of the examples that can be explained of these defective words are abolish, happen, dusk, desopen, rain and snow. These verbs in English are identified as must (duty) and can (power).
Copulative verbs
They are based on uniting the subject with what is being said about him, the best thing about these words is that they do not change the original meaning of the sentence. They are known to be a type of hook or bridge between the subject and his action or what is known about him, being able to use words such as being, seem, being. Eg "the sky is cloudy"
Predicative verbs
Its meaning is related to a concrete or abstract action, a passion or a state. Unlike copulative words, predicates have meaning, they cannot be replaced without the meaning of the phrase being altered. As a practical example for these words, there is the phrase "Mark thinks about his future" or "Jesus suffers from serious illnesses." In both cases, the verb lies in suffers and thinks.
Transitive verbs
They are used when the action that is being carried out falls on something else. The existence of a prior element is really needed so that the sentence can have meaning or meaning, this is because the action falls between the author and the object, for example, "Mary received great news. " In this case, the verb is received and the target object is the news. Here it can be said that an imperative verb exists due to its characteristic of request, desire or order.
Intransitive verbs
These, unlike the previous words, do not need a complement to be activated or used in a text. They go totally alone and do not need the existence of another destiny object to formulate the sentence or give it meaning. An example of this is “My cousin sings”, “José is getting married” and “Homero delinque” There is an order or desire, they do not need anything other than the word itself that determines the action. It can also be taken into account as an imperative verb.
Reflexive verbs
They have to be conjugated with a pronoun, this, in turn, must agree with a gender and number, but it does not have an action or syntactic form. For example, "Karla and Mario get married" in this sentence, there is a pronoun, both genders and a specific number of people. Sentences with reflexive verbs are the most used in texts.
Reciprocal verbs
They are used when there is an exchange of actions in two or more subjects or things. Actually, they are taken into account as transitive verbs, with the difference that, in this case, two or more things are needed, animals or people that are destiny objects and that give meaning to the sentence. It is precisely because of this fact, that these words are conjugated with 3 people or things in the plural sense, for example, "friends are touting each other" and "the 4 rivals have insulted each other".
Grammatical accidents
These are changes originated in a word when particles appear or are added to the root of the same. Itself, each lexical unit consists of morphemes and lexemes latter give meaning to the word, while the morpheme is responsible for providing information number, gender or time. then, in grammatical accidents, when having one or more morphemes (these are the particles), the meaning changes or the word simply lacks meaning.
To better understand this section, it is important to study the lexemes and morphemes of words and their derivatives. Example, house. Lexema house is Cas and the morpheme is the A. Its derivatives are house, house, farmhouse, home, large house, etc.
In Spanish, there are three types of words that can have grammatical accidents, these are nouns, which can be modified in gender, diminutives, number and augmentatives. Adjectives, which can be modified in number and gender and verbs, which are modified in mood, person, aspect and time and, finally, the verbal modes, which refer to the ways or mechanisms in which a verb it can become expressed.
Verb modes
These are all the practical ways in which a term can be expressed. The modes of the verb are classified into 3 main aspects that will be explained throughout this section.
1. Indicative verb mood
It is based on the expression of real and specific actions. When faced with these types of words, the text describes real events. The real Spanish academy has a fairly clear definition of this verbal mode and speaks of it as the word that manages to express the real world through the main verb of the text. A basic example for this verb mode is: José will dance in a theater. In the example, an objective, real and specific action is highlighted. The characteristics that encompass this verb mode is the present tense, past perfect, imperfect, simple conditional and future.
2. Subjunctive verb mood
In this case, instead of expressing real events, possibilities and hypothetical situations are expressed, in fact, the words of the subjunctive mood are subordinated to a main verb (indicative). An example of this mode is "Ideally, wait for the results to come out." In this example, there are 3 tenses, that is, the basic ones: Present, past and future.
3. Imperative verb mood
The imperative verb is used to express warnings, requests, orders and even threats. The nature of this mode is defective, this is because it does not exist or present the form of people, number or time. A means of examples of this is "Come eat - I'm going to hit you - hear me all." In each example there is an order or threat, an action that denotes character or strength.
Verb tenses
Modes are always going to enclose times, that is, actions that designate the moment in which a certain thing or person is discussed, either in the present, past, or future. These verb tenses can be classified into simple and compound. Simple tenses are responsible for expressing with a single word, without counting the pronoun and without the need for an auxiliary verb. For example, (he) is afraid. Compound tenses, on the other hand, are those that need auxiliary words to express their meaning. Example: (he) has feared
- Past tense: this verb tense is used to express actions that were carried out, worth the redundancy, in the past. "Maria was visiting on Sunday." This copy expresses the person and the time in which the action was carried out, in this case, “was” indicates that the activity was activated in the past tense.
- Present verb tense: it is used to indicate that the story is taking place at the same time. For example, Marian is singing a song. It is specified that it is being sung right at that moment. It can also be the case of an imperative verb in the present tense. Example: Marian, stop singing right now. There is an order and a specific time.
- Future verb tense: it is used to express those actions after the time it is spoken. In these cases, it is quite common to find small doses of uncertainty, this is because no one can be sure of the performance of the action that is described. Example, next week I will write a book. In this action, it is said that a book will be written, but being an uncertain future, many things can change and the action may not be carried out.
The number
Regarding the verbal number, it is the basic form that a verb has to indicate the number - subject relationship in a text, that is, it indicates the number of people who participate in a sentence, paragraph or text in general.
Person
Lastly, there are the people. These are responsible for appointing not only people, but also things, and may refer to an appointment in the first, second or third person.
1. First person: one is facing this verbal mode when a pronoun is indicated, thus identifying that it is the person who is speaking or narrating. For example, "I'll go shopping in 5 minutes." The pronoun YO indicates that it is spoken in the first person. It is also possible to speak in the first person with plural pronouns: "We are going shopping in 5 minutes"
2. Second person: in this case, the person to whom you are speaking is indicated, using second person pronouns such as you, you, with you or you. Example, "you are doing something very bad." As in the previous case, it is also possible to speak in the second person with plural pronouns: “ You are doing something very bad”.
3. Third person: here you indicate the person you are talking about in a text, sentence or paragraph. The pronouns used in this case are he, she, it, it or it. "She went to her friend's house." If speaking in pribal mode, then third-person pronouns such as them, them, las or los are used. " They went to a friend's house."
4. Non-personal: these lack personal pronouns, since, as indicated in their name, there is no person to mention. It is generally used in meteorological texts. It is used in third person singular (There will be a heavy rain) or impersonal (it speaks of the approach of a heavy rain). In this section, the person is not imperative or essential to be able to carry out a conjugation of verbs. Impersonal verbs are also classified as infinitives, gerunds, and participles. The impersonal gerund words are those that have adverbial values (they end in walking, example, walking, loading, etc.)
The participles are those whose value is adjectival, flexed by number and gender like any of the existing adjectives, in addition, they end in ado or gone, always in masculine and singular. Ex: (Run, swim, etc.)
Verb conjugation
When we speak, we use certain vocabulary. In our vocabulary we use words of all kinds: nouns, adjectives, articles, adverbs, verbs, etc. Verbs allow us to express actions that refer to the past, present, or future. In the area of grammar, the term conjugation refers to the ordered series of all verb forms, the product of adding to the lexeme of the verb, the morphemes of the person, the number, the time and the mode.
Verbs are essential words in communication. Any of them is made up of two elements: a lexeme or root and a morpheme or ending. And this combination is what produces the different verb forms. The set of all verb forms is what makes up the verb conjugation.
In other words, the verb conjugation consists of naming all its possible forms. Conjugation, therefore, depends on issues such as verbal preaching according to the time of the action, information on whether the action has already been completed, and the number of participants in the process.
To conjugate a verb is to present it together with the personal pronouns in the singular and plural (I, you, he, we, you and them). It can be done with simple tenses, that is, with a single verb form (I ran, they were, he knows…) or with compound tenses (the verb having as an auxiliary plus the beginning of a verb).
Another aspect to take into account when conjugating a word is the mode. Remember that in Spanish there are four, and each one has its own meaning. The indicative mood is used to express concrete and objective actions (brought the keys). The subjunctive mood is used to communicate doubts or a hypothetical situation (if she played, she would be happy). The conditional mood expresses the possibility (you would have done better if you had tried more). The imperative mood is used to give orders (come here).
Taking this as a reference, we can use the term "we laughed" as an example. In it you can discover that it is in the indicative mood, that it is plural, that it belongs to the first person and that it is in the past imperfect. When conjugating any verb, it is important to be clear that there are two types of verb forms. Therefore, on the one hand, there are the personal ones, which are those in which both the time factor, and the subject that is related to it, take on relevance.
It is also important to mention the grammatical agreement within the verb conjugations. It is well known that, in most of these terms vary according to the grammatical person, in fact, in Indo-European regions, the verbal form and person of the grammatical subject have absolute agreement, making the meaning of the text clear from the first moment in the reading begins. However, there are also other languages (the least used internationally, for example, Basque, Nahuatl and Hungarian) in which the verb also has total agreement with the grammatical object (one with the subject and another with the object).
On the other hand, there are the regional variants of verb conjugations. These affect the conjugation and are related to the second person grammar. These, in turn, are classified into two important aspects:
The first is Voseo, which consists of the use of the pronoun “vos” and its associated verb forms to refer to the second person singular. It has a contrast with the pronoun "you" and all its associations. Originally, the pronoun “vos” and its verb forms affected the second person of the plural in Old Spanish and not the singular.
Currently, voseo is quite common in several countries of Spanish-speaking America, in addition, it contains many variations according to the area where it is spoken or used.
On the other hand, there is the use of you (with its verb forms included). Currently its use is exclusive in Spain. In the rest of the Spanish-speaking countries, there is no proper form of the second person in the plural, but “you” and all its forms in the third person are used to address different listeners.
Examples of verbs
1. Simple
Love - Learn - Sweep - Search - Change - Walk
Chat - Cook - Coordinate - Color - Drive
2. Indicative
You ran - They go out - Talk - We go out - I'll talk
Talk - We talk - Run - You will run - Loved
3. Copulatives
To remain - To lie - To appear - To be - To be
4. Irregular
Feel - feel; Think think; Enter - I entered
Include - include; Enrich - I enrich
Destroy - I destroy; Lack - lack
Warm - warm; Deduct - deduced
5. Infinitives
Eat - Share - Get - Consent - Correct
Express - Miss - Fortify - Animate - Annihilate
Going Down - Yearning - Drinking - Kissing - Singing - Jumping
Walking - Searching - Deciding - Destroying
6. Present
I say - I run - I run away - I investigate - I justify
clean - I disparage - Hindrance - I crash I
study -
I make - I win - I beat - I keep I need - I get - I forgive - I want to Steal - I
feel - Bribe - I raise - I use
I have - I fix - I low - I jump - I seek
Way - How - I see
7. Past
Won - Ruled - You hit - Hit - Hit
Liked - I spoke - I did - Fled - Fled - Begged
Played - Played - Barked - Hurt - Lavé Washed - Raised - Read
- Cleaned -
Cried
Mistreated - Handled - Marchó - Marked Chewed - Chewed - Killed - Killed - Meow
