The volleyball is a game of tennis between two teams of six players per side is played by hitting a ball to the opposite side over a network. When the ball hits the ground or goes out of one of the two parts of the court it is a point or an opportunity to serve for the other team.
The games are played in 5 times and the first to achieve 3 is the winner. To win a time, one of the two teams must reach 15 or more points with a minimum of 2 points of advantage. On the court, each team can hit the ball up to 3 times before passing it to the opposing court and no player can hit the ball 2 times in a row.
Volleyball history
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Volleyball was created in 1895 by William G. Morgan in the United States, who at that time was serving as the Director of Physical Education at the Holihoke Ymca located in Massachusetts, to incorporate a game of entertainment and competition in his physical education classes to adults in this institution. This game, which was originally called the mintonette, quickly became very worldwide.
Thanks to the support of the Ymca to this sport, it was introduced in Canada and later in many countries such as the Philippines, Canada, Japan, Burma and other precursors they took it to Mexico, Africa and Asia.
In 1928 the USVA: United States Volleyball Association was created. The first national championships of this sport were held in the United States of North America in 1922.
The first international contacts between Poland and France were made in 1938, unfortunately interrupted by the Second World War and relations were reestablished in 1945.
The first volleyball championship in the US was played in 1922, and in 1964 volleyball was recognized as an Olympic sport, being played for the first time at the Tokyo Olympics.
Volleyball rules
- Teams can be made up of 12 players and only 6 players each participate in the game.
- The location of the players must be three in the front and three in the back of the court.
- Teams can differentiate their libero player with the color of his shirt, this is the defense specialist.
- The plays of each team begin with a serve.
- The team scores points when the opposing team commits a foul by not controlling the ball.
- Players must prevent the ball from touching the ground within their zone, otherwise it will be a point for the other team.
- If when attacking the ball it ends up out of the court due to poor defense, it will be a foul for the team that touched the ball and point to the opposing team.
- If the team touches the ball three times without realizing it and has not passed the ball to the other court, it is a point for the opposing team.
- Players must be well positioned when a player is about to serve or serve the ball, otherwise it is considered a rotation foul.
- At the moment of the service, no player may touch the net.
- Players may not touch the opposing team's court space.
- When the service is made, the ball must go to the opposite court, otherwise it is considered a foul.
- When a ball passes to the other side of the court at the time of a service but hits the net, they can stay on this court and are allowed.
- Each team may hit the ball a maximum of three times before it is hit over the net and sent to the other court.
- It is allowed to hit the ball with the legs or feet.
This sport is widely practiced in both male and female. In volleyball, players must master the skills of the game: volley, catch, serve, and shoot.
Volleyball court
Volleyball courts are a rectangle measuring 18 meters long by 9 meters wide, divided by a net in the middle that marks the separation for each team, this sport can be developed on indoor and outdoor courts.
These courts must have a smooth floor without imperfections, since the players will be in constant contact with the floor, for this reason it cannot be slippery either.
There are areas around the court called free zone, it must measure 3 meters wide where plays with the ball are also allowed, in international competitions this area measures 5 meters above the lateral line and 6.5 meters from the so-called lines background.
Volleyball ball
Volleyballs can be made of various materials, although the most used, most comfortable and of the best quality are leather.
Its measurements are 65-67 cm in circumference, 260-280 g in weight and a pressure of less than 0.3-0.325 kg / cm2. They are lighter and smaller than those used in soccer and basketball. There are rubber or plastic balls that are used in practice and training.
On the other hand, there is an international volleyball event called Volleyball World Cup or Volleyball world cup, this competition can participate both female and male teams. They are held every four years, the women's competitions were created in 1973 and the men's in 1965.
This world cup opens a gap towards the volleyball world championship, 12 world teams of both sexes participate, the last editions of this event have been held in Japan, with a growing crowd in this Asian country with an increase in the rating of the television audience in charge of broadcasting sports in this country.
The men's volleyball world cup is an international event contested by a selection of men over 21 years of age (senior) belonging to the FIVB International Volleyball Federation.
This competition involves 12 teams including the host or host nation team, the competition lasts two weeks, this cup is the first step for participation in the Volleyball World Cup, with the two best teams qualifying.
It is important to note that there are different variations of volleyball: when the playing field is the beach it is known as beach volleyball, in this case the teams are made up of two players; There is also mini-volleyball, it is played with a lower net, shorter court, and teams of 3 players; and finally, there is sitting volleyball, which is practiced by disabled people.
Around the year 1920 on the beaches of Santa Monica, volleyball underwent an evolution and Beach Volleyball emerged, in the 70s tournaments and competitions sponsored mainly by beer and cigarette companies began to emerge.
Quickly this sport began to have popularity and preference, so much so that it is practiced in the many spectacular beaches of the world.
The courts for this discipline measure 16 meters wide by 8 meters long, the ball used is very similar to that of volleyball, but with less internal pressure. In the Olympic games or official competitions, each team is made up of two players with no options to change. In informal matches up to four players are accepted.
In this sport, pressure, balance and limb disposition are stimulated through exercise. It reduces fat, improves cardiovascular pressure, the athlete must have aerobic power and a lot of flexibility.
The volleyball adapted and also known as sitting volleyball is a discipline in participating athletes with disabilities. According to the above, this is a Paralympic sport, whose purpose is to help people with motor disabilities in the practice of a sport and their social integration like most sports of this style.
In this sport only the hands are used, the players due to their disabilities are sitting on the floor and move to play, favoring the athletes in rehabilitation and recreation.
The court measures 10 x 6, always in covered spaces and divided by a 1.15 cm high net for men's games and 1.05 for women. At least 5 sets are played, the team that scores 25 points in four sets wins, if a fifth sets is played, the team that first scores 15 points wins.
