This stage that Rome went through was characterized by presenting a republican system of government, thus starting the Roman republic, an event that occurred in 509 BC this happens just when the era of monarchies ends and Rome gets rid of the last king: Lucio Tarquinio "the proud".
The political transition that Rome was going through at that time, was accompanied by strong violence and social confrontations that the only thing they achieved was that the neighboring peoples took advantage of it through the reduction of the territorial power of Rome and thus be able to achieve for it to disappear completely.
The beginnings of the Republic were immersed in absolute uncertainty, given the prevailing political chaos at that time. However, it managed to establish itself little by little, guided by a somewhat complex constitution, which sought to focus on the principles of an independence of powers, balances of power and government domains. The development of the republic of Rome was intensely influenced by the conflicts between the aristocrats, the Romans who were rich but did not belong to the nobility and the patricians.
Since the republic was established, the state of Rome was described by the acronym SPQR. (Cenatas Populusque Romanus) which in Spanish means: “the Senate and the Roman People”. This republic implemented a system that did not allow abuses of power by dividing executive and legislative functions and by converting positions into elective and temporary. However, as nothing is perfect, an oligarchic model was maintained, where in order to access the basic institutions, they had to belong to the patricians' sector. When the commoners were excluded, they expressed their dissatisfaction with a series of social confrontations that ended up decreeing equality between patricians and commoners in the 3rd century BC.
The Senate, for its part, was present during the monarchy and continued to be during the republic, maintaining all its powers and definitively accentuating itself as an entity that provides guidance and advice to the government of Rome, controlling the internal order.
Life in the republic of Rome was characterized by the following:
- In order to govern, a series of laws were created that integrated what is Roman law.
- This right over time becomes the principle of law throughout the western world.
- The presence of two totally different sectors of society: the patricians (the rich and owners of most of the lands) and the commoners, who were represented by the poor people of Rome.
- Only the patricians could have access to political and religious positions.
The republic of Rome unfortunately begins to enter a stage of crisis that increases when a civil war arises that confronted military leaders with rebellious slaves. The only thing that caused this crisis was that the military had a greater place within the government.
Finally the Republic of Rome disappears, thanks to the fact that the senate encompassed all political power except for the executive power. This led to the Senate having to entrust the executive power to someone other than a politician. In short, the strengthening of the personalist character ended up sinking the Republic, giving way to the birth of a new system of government: the Empire.
