Historians define Ancient Egypt as the civilization that settled in the adjacent regions of the River Nile in its middle and lower reaches. The beginning of this civilization can be located from approximately the year 3000 BC and ends in the year 31 BC since it would be conquered by the Roman Empire in a definitive way and therefore it was incorporated as a province of the Empire. Ancient Egypt lived three heydays therefore historians have divided them and named them as follows; Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.
Its territory ranged from the delta of the Nile, in the north, to Elephantine Island, maintaining a strong influence from the Euphrates to Jebel Barkal. At some times in its history, it included the eastern desert and the Red Sea coastline, the Sinai peninsula, and a significant portion of western territory.
This civilization managed to prosper in a rather complicated environment since it was surrounded by desert and they only obtained their food from the fertile lands that were irrigated by the Nile River itself. It also had a theocratic government, since they were under the command of a Pharaoh, who was believed to be descended from the gods of Egypt themselves.
They also created a very important writing system which they called hieroglyphs and it consisted of representations of ideas through images, in the same way it had a numbering system, which stand out as one of the first in the world. His literature was quite rich. However, the skill that undoubtedly characterized them was that of magnificent architects, some of the most outstanding examples of their buildings that remain to this day are: the pyramids of Giza, the sphinx, the island of Elephantine, the temple of Abu Simbel among others.
This civilization was led by more than XXXI dynasties which inherited the power from father to son, the first important pharaoh being Narmer, responsible for founding the first Egyptian dynasty. While the last pharaoh was Cleopatra VII, belonging to the Ptolemaic dynasty, the Egyptian Empire being already unsustainable, it was conquered by Caesar Octavio who was the first Emperor of Rome.
