From the Latin aedificĭum, a building is a fixed construction that is used as a human dwelling and that allows the realization of different activities.
Since the beginning of humanity, the human being was busy and concerned about progressing in the techniques and materials used for construction, even inclined to bring beauty to buildings through the decoration of some of its parts.
The materials and techniques used for the construction of buildings were changing with the advancement of history. In this endeavor, architecture emerged, which is nothing other than art and technique that is responsible for projecting and designing buildings and any other type of structure that makes up the space that human beings inhabit.
The notion of building, in its strict sense, allows to name any construction made by man. A church or a theater, for example, are buildings. However, everyday language appeals to the term to refer to vertical constructions that have more than one floor or floor.
The buildings, therefore, are linked to skyscrapers or towers, which generally function as permanent dwellings for people or whose facilities are used for the installation of offices. For example: “My aunt lives in a building that has 22 floors”, “With so many buildings on the coast, the beach has less and less sun”.
Entering the technical question of construction, we find the following components: wing (that part that extends on one side and is in relation to another), portico (it is an open area formed by columns or arches arranged in the front of the building), peristyle (portico located around the building), atrium (it is an interior courtyard of the building and in churches it is an exterior space), lobby (it is the first interior example of the building, followed by the door and that allows access to the rest of the rooms or parts of the building), gallery (it is an area open to the outside, the games room usually has the design) and coronation (it is the upper part of the building, which has the function of crowning it), among the most prominent.
On the other hand, the bodies of the building are in turn composed of main members and other secondary ones. The main ones are the supports or fasteners (columns and walls) and the supports (entablature, vaults, arches and ceilings).
In addition to all this, we cannot ignore that for some years there has been much talk about the so-called sustainable buildings, which are those that are built not only with ecological materials, but also betting on the introduction of the use of renewable energies.
