This is nothing more than the difference between the maximum price you would be willing to pay and the price you actually paid. Consider the following demand curve for an individual, if the market price is p: E demanded q: E. However, for the first unit you would have been willing to pay much more p: 1, for the second unit a little less than for the first, but more than what he really pays, and so on until the amount q: E where the price he pays and the price match that he is willing to pay. Graphically, the area showing the divergence between the marginal willingness to pay and the price paid would reflect the consumer surplus.
To estimate producer surplus, we must start from the supply function. Given a market price of p: E, we are going to compare the price at which they would be willing to offer each unit of merchandise with the price they actually receive. And we will observe that until the entrepreneur of each unit offered receives a higher price than he would be willing to receive. This area graphically delimits the producer surplus.
This concept is supported by the Law of Supply and Demand, and it is the monetary benefit obtained by consumers, since they can buy a product at a lower price than they would be willing to pay.
clearer example: suppose you want to buy a car and would be willing to pay $ 5,000.00. But when you go to buy it, it turns out that the car costs only $ 4000.00, the difference between the two amounts is $ 100,000. This would be the consumer surplus.
