Government comes from the Greek word k Gobiernono which means "to pilot a ship" or "captain of a ship", referring to exerting control and direction over something. The government is an essential element of the State, made up of those institutions and individuals to whom the legal system entrusts the power to organize, represent and govern the State itself. It is also important to clarify that the government and the State, despite their relationship, are not the same, since the government is the one who directs the State, that is to say, it is temporary, while the state remains in time.
What is a government
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To really know what government is, it must be said that it is about all those authorities that are in charge of controlling, directing and administering all the organisms and institutions of the State, it is about the exercise of power by the State or, failing that, managing general policy.
This should have as its main objective to safeguard the peace, security and justice of the country, based on the so-called individual freedom that entails the rational use of the rights of each person and as well as the fulfillment of the duties of each individual.
The term government also refers to the development of the powers of the state, as well as to leadership in general in terms of leadership.
According to the theory, any body that recognizes the constitution and assumes the various responsibilities of the executive power can be called this way, concentrating on political power to lead the people.
Usually this is constituted by a Prime Minister or by a president or head of government, in collaboration with him there are a series of officials such as secretaries and ministers, just to mention a few, which is important to clarify for to understand what government is.
According to historians, the beginnings of governments can be traced back to the tribes, where it was intended to effectively coordinate human resources, however, over the centuries, the government's function would end up being divided into three powers.
The Executive Power, who is in charge of acting as a kind of coordinator, the Legislative Power, responsible for developing new norms and laws that are in charge of governing life within a given territory and finally the Judicial Power, whose function is to ensure the correct compliance with the laws created by the Legislative Power.
Finally, it should be mentioned that this term refers to the method by means of which a political sector directs the people, making use of the legally constituted state organs, for the creation of laws and their subsequent implementation.
The Government of the United Mexican States can be taken as an example, it is a representative, federal, democratic and secular state, made up of sovereign and free states, and they in turn are made up of municipalities.
Loading…Regarding the government of the State of Mexico, it is made up of the executive power, which is in charge of a governor, while the legislative power is the responsibility of the Mexican congress, finally the judicial power is under the charge of the judicial authority of said state.
The federal government of Mexico, the name by which the central government of that republic is really known, is the one in charge of equitably distributing the sovereignty of the State with its 32 dependencies (31 states and Mexico City).
The federal government, also called the Supreme Power of the Federation, is made up of the so-called powers of the Union, which are the executive, judicial and legislative. Mexico City, being the capital of the country, has all the powers of the Union.
It is important to note that all branches of government are autonomous and independent, therefore two or more independent branches cannot be conferred on a single individual or body, nor should the executive power be vested in a single individual.
Another aspect to highlight is that within the form of government in Mexico, there is a dependency of great importance, which is the government secretary, this is constituted by the legal cabinet of the president of the nation, this secretary is not other than the office of the federal executive, which in turn has functions in the Foreign Ministry.
With respect to the legislative branch of the Mexican government, this is the responsibility of the so-called Congress of the Union, it is a bicameral congress that is made up of the chamber of senators and the chamber of deputies.
Among the attributions and powers of congress can be mentioned the right to pass laws, declare a state of war, approve or deny treaties and conventions made with other states, impose taxes, and ratify the appointment of government jobs.
According to the constitution, in Mexico, public power and sovereignty are the responsibility of the people, the latter being in charge of exercising power through the system of separation of powers, which were mentioned above, thus conforming the government. Mexican.
The way of governing in Mexico is characterized by the fact that the representativeness of public power is directed through a multiparty system, that is, all parties are the main actors in people's participation, being regulated by electoral bodies. independent and autonomous.
Government functions
- Provide an environment where law and order predominate, where citizens can carry out all types of agreements or commercial activities.
- Safeguard national sovereignty.
- Support all policies related to internal security, all within a context of respect for the rule of law.
- Protect social coexistence through the fight against drug trafficking and other manifestations of organized crime.
- Reduce the degrees of corruption that may exist within the public administration.
- In the fiscal area, the primary responsibility of a government is to develop and maintain a public policy where the objectives of redistribution and stabilization are met, as well as the allocation of functions and resources to guarantee the provision of services.
In the case of the distribution of powers among the various levels of government, the correct management of different elements is important, such as the so-called aggregate fiscal discipline, the efficiency in the allocation of resources and functions, the achievement and subsequent maintenance of equality between the different regions of a country.
On the other hand, and thanks to their proximity to the beneficiaries of the services provided, the different jurisdictions at the lower level of government can develop a better provision of public services, at the same time that they achieve a greater coincidence between the preferences of the public. people and the group of goods and services that the government provides.
Forms of government
There are different types, among the most prominent we can mention the monarchy; characterized by the fact that the supreme position within a State is for life, and is generally designated following a hereditary order, another form is that of a democratic government; where direct or indirect participation mechanisms are used so that the people are the ones who choose their leaders.
A government can adopt the form of a monarchy or a republic, however within these two forms of government, there is also a subdivision between presidential, parliamentary, absolutist or constitutional. However, what determines the form of government is the way in which power is distributed and the relationship between the people and the rulers.
At the moment when there is an absence of government, the concept of anarchism comes into play, but on the other hand when democracy is mentioned, it is when the people are the ones who govern the State by being able to choose those who will lead them, through mechanisms of direct or indirect voting. If it is the case that a dictator governs a State and also has absolute power over it, it can be called a dictatorship.
On the other hand, if the power resides on a monarch or a king, it is in the presence of a monarchy.
Another of its forms is the oligarchy, this arises when it is governed in favor of a small group, while tyranny is one where a single person (tyrant) is the one who governs. On the other hand, when there is exclusion of certain groups of people, it can be said that the government is aristocratic. Well, these are just some of the types of government that can be presented.
Governments come to power by different methods, in the case of a republic, the means through which it is accessed is suffrage, which means that all its citizens will vote for the candidate they want to reach the power and thus establish a government of the Republic.
If we speak of monarchy, it should be emphasized that power is obtained only by blood ties. While in de facto governments, power is obtained by force, it is usually a group of people who believe that current leaders are no longer competent for those positions.
Pure and perfect
Those whose purpose is to bring the good of the community are called pure or perfect. They are mentioned here below:
• The monarchy: form of government where power is exercised by one person.
• The aristocracy: it is a type of government that is exercised by minorities.
• Democracy: form of government that is exercised by the multitude or majority of the people of a population.
Unclean and corrupt
The impure forms, also called corrupted or degenerate, are those that only focus on the interests of those who govern, thereby distorting their purposes, serving particular interests. The vision of who governs is corrupted or forgotten, making public power a tool to enforce their interests.
• Tyranny: which is generated because of a degeneration in the monarchies.
• The oligarchy: it is a corrupt variant of the aristocracy.
Loading…Differences between state and government
A state is a political organization that is composed of at least three elements, the first is the people, then the government and finally a territory. It should also be mentioned that a State has internal sovereignty and autonomy, with the people always having sovereignty at their disposal. In an international context, a State must be recognized by other States, as well as create relationships between them since, in addition, the government is the main subject of international law.
For its part, the government is the group of people, institutions and organizations, which are in charge of managing and directing the State, being one of its constituent elements, together with the territory and the population.
Each State must have a government, which will be in charge of protecting and managing the maintenance of its sovereignty and autonomy, in addition to representing it in front of the other States.
Taking into account all that has been exposed so far, it can be concluded that the main difference between the state and the government is the fact that a state is the “whole” while the government only occupies a part of it.
It is this who must assume the executive power of the State, in short, it is an institution that represents one of the powers that the State possesses.
If you want to understand better, you can use the following example, a state is the way in which the Mexican nation identifies itself in the way of managing its policies and institutions, the state government, in this case it is the president and his collaborators, the responsible for running such organizations.
It should be highlighted the fact that it is not the same to speak of government than to speak of the State, since on the one hand what is government is one that manages to come to power, (regardless of the ways in which it has achieved it), complies with its tasks or objectives are withdrawn after a certain period of time.
However, the State always remains the same and cannot be altered despite the governments that succeed it. In other words, it is a group that includes some organisms that are the ones that lead a State, through which the “rigid” state power can be manifested and maintaining control and legal order.
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