Organelles are the components that give the cell vitality, function and metabolism. According to their origin, organelles can be classified in different ways. Autogenetic organelles are created from an increase in the complexity of a pre-existing structure. Endosymbiotic organelles, on the other hand, are derived from symbiosis that occurs with a different organism.
Among the different organelles that can be found in cells, the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticles stand out. It should be noted that not all organelles are present in all cells: their presence depends on the time of the cell and the organism.
Due to the progress of the microscope it was possible to observe the cell structure in its entirety and thus the cellular organelles were identified. It is now known that all cells, regardless of their size and structure, depend on cellular organelles for their survival.
All cellular organelles have been harmonized, regulated and regulated by the DNA of the cell nucleus, from where they receive indications through messages carried by the messenger RNA that goes to the cellular organelles.
The most common cellular organelles are ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in plant cells. Each of these organelles performs specific functions, such as the production of insulin, bile, proteins, or energy transmission functions.
There are mitochondria, cell structures that carry out essential metabolic reactions. Mitochondria are the energy source that provides the drive to build other cells and another living thing.
However, the functioning of the mitochondria has a paradoxical component: the oxygen that the cell receives is vital, but at the same time that same oxygen produces corrosion and cellular wear (the mitochondria transform oxygen energy but part of the oxygen is degraded in particles, also known as free radicals, which implies that higher energy causes greater deterioration).
The membrane of cell organelles is composed of:
• Cell wall: it is a layer of the cell, composed of carbohydrates and proteins, present mainly in bacteria (prokaryotes) and plants (cellulose wall).
• Plasma membrane: it is a very thin elastic structure. Its basic structure is a thin film two molecules thick, which acts as a barrier for the passage of water and water-soluble substances between the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid.
Cytoplasm It is the largest structure in the cell. It consists mainly of water, 90% or more.
• The nucleus: it is the largest component within the cell, and its functions are: to store, transcribe and transmit the information stored in DNA, which is protected by proteins called histones.
