The meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth of the plant in a longitudinal and diametric sense; Its cells are characterized by being small in size, with a polyhedral shape, thin walls and small and abundant vacuoles; It has the ability to divide and it is from there that the rest of the tissues are produced, a phenomenon that allows the differentiation of plants and animalsthat arrived at multicellularity in a totally different way, in addition these only grow until the fourth age meanwhile the plants due to the meristems grow throughout their lives. In other words, meristematic tissues are made up of a series of cells with thin primary walls with a large nucleus and dense cytoplasm, which is why these tissues allow the tree to grow diametrically and longitudinally. The primary growth or longitudinal growth of the plants originates thanks to the apical meristem and the diametral growth, that is, in terms of thickness or secondary growth it occurs by divisions that manifests in the vascular cambium and, to a lesser extent, in the cortical cambium.
Therefore, apical meristems can be classified into:
Procambium: located inside the protoderm, which originates vascular tissues such as phloem, xylem and vascular cambium.
Fundamental meristem: found in the Protoderm and Procambium, producing the parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Protoderm: it is located around and outside, originating the epidermis.
Remnant meristems: works cyclically, occurs at the base of the internodes that are latent
Meristemoid meristems: being adult cells they differentiate because they are life-saving cells that have the property of dedifferentiating and becoming meristematic again, in addition to performing mitosis.
On the other hand, lateral meristems are classified as:
Cork cambium: which corresponds to a layer of meristematic cells that evolve between the cells of the cortex and the secondary phloem.
Vascular cambium: this differentiates together with the so-called primary vascular tissue within the vascular cylinder, producing the woody tissue of the stems and roots.
Intercalary meristems: found between mature tissues and only in certain types of plants.
