The weight that the structures support causes the emergence of internal forces within the same structure, which causes it to disproportionate or break. This deforming pressure generated by the loads is what is called stress. There are five types of stresses: Traction, Compression, Bending, Torsion, and Shear.
Traction force: it is the resistance of an object to a force that tends to break it. It is calculated as the highest stress the object can withstand without breaking, and is measured in Newtons / mm2, but was initially denoted as tons / sq.
Stress is defined as the force per unit area of a material and is a measure of the strength of a material. Therefore, tensile stress refers to a force that tries to separate or stretch a material. Many of the mechanical properties of a material can be determined from a tensile test. In a tensile test, a sample is subjected to constant stress and the stress required to maintain this rate of strain is measured.
Stress = Force / cross sectional area
Compressive stress: it is the result of the stresses or pressures that exist within a deformable solid, characterized by tending to a shortening in a certain direction or a reduction in volume. In general, when a material is subjected to a set of forces, bending, shearing or torsion occurs, all these forces lead to the appearance of tensile and compressive stresses.
Bending stress: the bending stress is configured in a part, when it undergoes the action of shear loads, which originate a significant bending moment. A linear structure element (beam) develops its cross sections with Bending Movement (Mf) and Shear Effort, the bending movement being responsible for the bending and shear stress caused by the shear of said beam.
Torque: It is the force that acts on an object makes it rotate. In physics, torque is a force that tends to rotate objects, for example each time you use a lever and apply force to it when you tighten or loosen the wheel bolts. By using the wrench through a lever movement, torque is created in the screw, which is what causes it to be turned. That is, it is this rotational force that conceptualizes the term.
Shear Force: It is the amount of force per unit area perpendicular to the axis of the member. Shear stress should not be confused with shear force. Shear force is an internal force caused by an applied force, and is represented by shear diagrams for all sections along a member. However, the shear stress is in the unit of force over the unit of area.
