It is a term of Latin and Russian origin, since it is a combination of tsar and caesar, it is a title that was given to the emperor of Russia and the first president of Bulgaria and Serbia, there is also a feminine form of this word, the which is zarina. In history this term does not imply any imperial rank, but was a way of addressing the King. That is why there are other binding terms such as zarévich that means the heir to the throne, zesarevna which is equivalent to the wife of tsarévich and zarevna the daughter or granddaughter of the tsar.
The name of the government managed by the tsars was called Tsarism, being an autocrat and managing everything that had to do with its people, both political and economic, it was also faithful to the Russian Orthodox Church which made it more powerful still to be told religious power.
Like many other noble titles, it is used figuratively in normal speech, to refer to people or institutions that possess great power. The tsar would be an equivalent to the western king since he had an absolutist power through which all decisions were made by one person and all powers fall, by divine mandate, on that same individual.
It was from the Middle Ages that Tsarism appeared, given the disappearance of the Roman Empire, a part of Europe had to organize itself politically and culturally, while in Western Europe politicians such as dukes, principals and the tsar were born. Bulgaria was the cradle during the 10th century for these subjects and they later spread throughout Eastern Europe.
