Apollinarianism is a doctrine of heresy within Christianity, its name comes from its main preacher Apollinaris the Younger, who was bishop of Laodicea (Syria), around the year 361, after having dedicated his life to the study of the scriptures already the teaching of Syrian priests, although once assumed the position of bishop, began to preach sermons that were not faithful to Catholic doctrine. His doctrine was based on the denial of the human nature of Jesus Christ, he argued that Jesus was not human, that he was a divine being incarnate in a body without a soul, which was replaced by the Word. This denial resulted in the doctrines of Apollinaris being punished by Pope Damaso (37th Pope of Rome).
Apollinaris sought to explain how Jesus being a divine being could also be human. He taught that human beings are composed of body, soul and spirit and that in the figure of Jesus their humanity was relieved by the Logos. Apollinaris denied the human soul of Christ, believing that if Jesus had a human soul, it would be the same as other people, that is, with sins; pretending with this, to save the deity of Christ.
This doctrine was considered a blasphemy against God, and they were harshly condemned, since the church maintains that the human soul of Jesus Christ was sinless.
The first Ecumenical council of Constantinople included Apollinarianism in the list of heresies. At the time Apolinar died (392), never rectified and died maintaining his same belief. Many of his followers wanted to continue preaching the same principles, in Syria, Phenicia and Constantinople, however few survived him, and by the year 416 there were none left, since many returned to the holy church and others deviated towards Monophysitism.
