The world has seen great empires develop, conquer lands, exalt their rulers, live on the cusp of success, and then disappear. This filter can also be applied to the economy; however, it does not seem to fall in any way. In its most primitive moments, exchange systems were called economy, in which cooperation between different nations stood out. With the end of the Middle Ages and feudalism, the development of the economy, as we know it today, began. with this, the birth, rise and fall of various economic schools, such as the classical, the neoclassical, the marginalist, the Marxist, among others.
Historically, it has been considered that heterodox economics prefers to appreciate economics as part of the social sciences, and not to establish a specific, rational and predictable action. The actors (individuals) are not subject to any behavior, therefore, economic processes can take a different course; furthermore, all interpretations are subjective. Traditionally, it has been considered to be based on the “rationality-individualism-balance” scheme.
It is possible, however, to locate a heterodox economic study by observing the absence of the "rationality of economic agents", a principle of neoclassical economics in which a company, person or institution, maximizes the possibilities within a model with uncertainty. Instead, in this school it is preferred to immerse the individual within society, to see elapsed time as history and to support individual reasoning influenced by the environment. Likewise, it rejects all the theoretical bases on which neoclassical economics is structured.
