The Education is the practical and methodological training that is given to a person developing and growing. It is a process by which the individual is provided with essential tools and knowledge to put them into practice in everyday life. The learning of a person begins from his childhood, when entering institutes called schools or colleges where a previously studied and educated person will implant in the small identities, ethical and cultural values to make a person of good in the future.
What is education
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The concept of education is defined as a process through which individuals acquire knowledge, be it skills, beliefs, values or habits, from others who are responsible for transmitting them, using different methods, such as, for example, through discussion, storytelling, the actual example, research, and training.
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Taking into account the definition of education, it is important to note that it is not only given through words, since there may be some of it in the actions of each individual, as well as in attitudes and feelings. In general, the educational process is directed by a figure of great authority, such as teachers, parents, principals, etc.
During the process that this entails, a set of values and abilities are present that generate changes in the social, emotional and intellectual, within each individual.
Depending on the level of consciousness that has been acquired, the values can remain for a lifetime or, failing that, for a specified period of time.
When it comes to children, learning aims to promote the structural process of thoughts and the way in which the child expresses himself. It contributes greatly to the maturation process of the sensory-motor apparatus, at the same time that it stimulates group coexistence and integration.
From a technical point of view, the concept of education describes a continuous process, in which the intellectual, moral and physical faculties of man are developed, with the objective of efficiently incorporating him into society or in the group where it unfolds, therefore, it can be said that it is a learning for life.
On the other hand, when formal study is concerned, it should be noted that it is the educational process of each individual, and therefore it is considered a fundamental and mandatory right of human beings, so it must be guaranteed by the governments of each country.
Likewise, formal education itself is segmented into 4 types: infant, primary, secondary and higher or tertiary.
This process within educational centers, such as institutes, schools, modules, universities and others, skills and knowledge are transferred to children, youth and adults, in order to develop their thinking, that is, to develop the ability to think about different problems, encourage creativity, develop the growth of the intellect and train people with the ability to cause favorable changes for society.
Types of education
Education is divided into 3 types: formal, non-formal and informal, where each of them differs from the other by a group of characteristics.
Formal education is characterized by being taught in specialized centers, such as schools, training institutes, colleges and universities.
For its part, non-formal education is generated by organizations or community groups.
Finally, informal education encompasses everything else, this means that they are all those interactions of people with the environment in which they develop, be it family, friends, work, etc. In general, the people who act as educators are not professionals, therefore it is rare that pedagogical methods are used, in general they usually make use of stimulus, dissemination, animation, promotion actions, among others.
As for the content that is taught, it is generally related to social needs, which also depends on other factors. In it are grouped, the learning that is obtained through TV, radio, internet.
Formal education
The definition indicates that it is one that is generally offered in specialized training centers, in a structured way, according to a series of didactic goals, which have an estimated time, which has a support, and which ends with the obtaining a certificate.
Generally this type occurs within an institutional system, graduated chronologically and hierarchically structured. In each region of the world there are educational systems that are generally made up of both public and private institutions. It should be noted that the formal education system has establishments that are regulated by government entities.
Within formal education there are different subtypes, which are described below:
Infant education
Early childhood education, also known as initial or preschool, encompasses the entire educational process from the birth of a child, up to the age of six, however this may vary depending on the region, once the children already enter what known as primary. The institutions designated by the state are defined as kindergarten. During the course of early childhood education, the first objective is to develop in children their intellectual, physical and moral nature, with special emphasis on the speed with which it is carried out.
Primary education
It is the stage whose duration ranges between 6 or 8 years of school, and that usually begins when the child reaches 5 or 6 years of age, depending on the country in which they are.
Around the world, almost 90% of children between 6 and 12 years old are enrolled in primary education, however it is believed that this figure will increase in the coming years. Within the framework of the program created by UNESCO "Education for all", most of the countries have committed themselves to be able to cover a universal enrollment in primary education. On the other hand, the transition from primary education to secondary education occurs between 11 and 12 years of age, this change is contemplated by some education systems in different educational centers.
Secondary education
Most of the modern educational systems around the world, comprise secondary education in parallel with the stage of adolescence. This stage has as its first characteristic, the passage of children from general primary education and compulsory for minors, towards tertiary and elective education. It can be said that secondary education aims to give the student a common knowledge, while preparing him for the tertiary level, it can also train the student for a specific profession.
Depending on the educational system, the institution where secondary education is put into practice is known as institute, lyceum, middle school, gymnasium, etc. It should be noted that the exact limit between primary and secondary education may have certain variations between one country and another, and even within the same territories, however, it is common for it to be between the seventh to the tenth year of school.
Upper secondary education
It is a type that focuses on the practical and direct training of an individual for a certain profession. Vocational training can include theory, practice or both, as well as courses from educational institutions, such as agriculture or carpentry.
Higher education
It is the final stage of the educational process, that is, it refers to all those training phases that are found after high school and that each country and educational system contemplates. Usually this type is taught in universities, vocational schools or also in higher institutes, among others.
Alternative
Despite the fact that this form is currently known as an alternative, it should be mentioned that alternative systems have been around for many years. When the public school system developed extensively in the 19th century, there was discontent in certain countries for the creation of this new system, giving way to the emergence of so-called higher education, that is, this was a reaction to the dissatisfaction with parents due to the various flaws found in traditional education. As a result, a large number of different approaches to education originated, encompassing alternative schools, homeschooling, self-learning, and unschooling.
Informal education
They are all those academies, institutions and courses that are not under the standards that the educational system manages, since they do not follow a particular curriculum of studies, and although their objective is the education of people, it is not recognized through diplomas or certificates
Non-formal education itself encompasses all institutions, activities and areas of education that, although they are not school, were created in order to meet specific objectives. This type is characterized by involving heterogeneous social groups, but its institutional structure as such is not certified to fulfill specialized school cycles, that is, they have the intention of educating and a planned teaching and learning process, only that it occurs outside of the related to school.
It is important to take into account all the differences between one and the other in order to understand what non-formal education really is.
Informal Education
It is one that imparts content; It is characterized by the teaching of values, habits, skills and experiences, without including the institutions that have been created for that specific purpose, other of its characteristics is that it is spontaneous, unlike specialized institutions. This type does not establish a gradual process in levels, nor does it require approval of courses and subjects. There is no pre-prepared curriculum, although there may be previously set goals.
For example, a mother can read and comment on a story to her child, as well as answer the questions that the child may have, but within said action, there is no obligation to fulfill in order to move to the next level, as it does. in formal education, but it cannot correspond to those that conform to specific purposes, despite not being sequenced or official, as is the case with non-formal education.
It is important to clarify that the family is the first element responsible for educating informally, it could even be considered the most important, since it should not stop fulfilling that function at any time, regardless of whether the child is already attending to school and have access to formal education.
It is important that the work carried out by the teachers be complemented at home, and to spread the beliefs and values that the child seeks to acquire as their own, within an environment of understanding and freedom, being the most recommended that it coincides with the that formal education transmits, for this it is advisable to first consult the institutional project of the educational center they attend, so as not to cause confusion in the child.
Values education
It is a process through which people introduce ethical standards into their common learning process, this can be implemented through an activity that takes place within any formal or non-formal education organization, in which people receive certain moral rules to have a coexistence that is oriented towards human values and principles.
To understand what education in values is, it is important to mention that it is based on individual and collective experiences, with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of certain behaviors that are related to reflection and well-being. The goal is to offer a comprehensive education, based on harmony, a fundamental property of any true education.
Historical education
The historical education model is an innovation within the teaching of history within basic education, through the use of primary sources and the application of second-order or analytical concepts. This educational model has been created within the teaching practices of the History specialty at the Escuela Normal Superior de México.
The model was born as a series of pedagogical strategies and principles, different from the transmitting teaching of hegemonic historiographies, which is structured in interactive classes, projects and collaborative workshops over the course of a period of history. Its objective is to begin the formation of thought, that of a historical consciousness, as well as that of a situated competition.
Emotional education
This type, also known as emotional, is the name through which the process of teaching emotional skills is known through the underpinning and monitoring of the individual in exercise, as well as the improvement of it. It is of great importance that the educational institution provides its students with an emotional education, since it offers tools that help solve daily problems, and therefore contributes to well-being.
Taking activities in which you learn to know your own emotions and those of others will contribute to the development of emotional competences, such as emotional awareness, self-management, regulation, interpersonal intelligence, well-being and life skills.
Intellectual education
This type occurs through the attitudes and notions that a student possesses, and through which they can behave correctly and manage to live a righteous life. In order for intellectual education to occur, it is necessary to first think about an intellectual training, since it is from there that the teaching process of a student begins, in order to develop the ease of acquiring skills, values and attitudes, in the field of understanding and reason, this shows the ability to reason, synthesize, analyze, transfer, build, create and induce.
Social education
It is a pedagogical subtype, at the request of education, which is exclusively responsible for promoting the incorporation of students to different social networks that surround it, with the aim of guaranteeing a complete development, and thus in this way it can expand not only its educational aspirations, but also in the future professional part, as well as social participation, among other things that affect their development.
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The pillars of education
Throughout life, education is based on four fundamental pillars, which are learning to do, learning to know, learning to be and learning to live together. The first one is aimed at training the person, so that he can cope with various situations, as well as working in a team and learning to cope spontaneously in different social experiences.
Learn to know through the fusion of broad general culture, with the possibility of increasing knowledge in a smaller group of subjects. Learn to be so that your own personality emerges better and you have the possibility of acting with autonomy of responsibility and personal judgment. Finally, learn to live together, by developing understanding of the other and at the same time the perception of forms of interdependence when carrying out projects in common and being prepared to face problems, always outside of plural values.
Learn to know
Learning to know is the first Pillar of education, and refers to the fact that each individual learns to understand the world in which he operates, in order to live in a dignified way, in addition to developing all the capacities he possesses, since Through it, children acquire the tools to initiate knowledge. Example, here the sense of criticism is stimulated, so that children learn to give their opinion.
To learn to do
The second pillar is learning to do, this allows the individual to remember that it is learned through manipulation and action, since at the time of observation and manipulation, the sense organs send the signals that originate in the cerebral cortex, from which images of the world as seen originate, and predictions regarding its functioning can be made.
Learn to live together
Regarding the third pillar (learning to live together) Jacques Delors indicates that the fact of living with other people is a tool that serves to fight with the problems that hinder agreement. In this way, it seems correct that education is carried out on two levels: one is the progressive discovery of the other, while the second is inclined towards the participation of joint work, using methods to resolve conflicts. All this means is that one must live together, within a culture of peace, always respecting the rights of others and especially respecting all forms of life.
Learn to be
The last pillar is learning to be, this indicates that education must contribute to the integral development of each individual. Since each person is an entity, which means that they have a mind, a body, an aesthetic sense, a sensitivity, a spirituality, and a spiritual responsibility. Education must allow each one to form and develop critical thinking with their own judgment, from which to determine what should be done in different circumstances.
Mexican education
Education in Mexico is supported by the so-called Mexican educational system. It is the structure, norms, principles and procedures that decide the way in which the new members of the Mexican Republic are formed. Regarding basic education, Mexico has more than 90 thousand public primary schools, where almost 14 million children are trained. The SEP or Secretary of Public Education is the body in charge of the administration of the different levels since 1921, the year in which it was created.
In Mexico there are different educational levels: basic, upper secondary and higher, which include studies in preschool, then primary, secondary, baccalaureate, then the bachelor's, master's or doctorate and finally graduates and other branches of tertiary education.
