Logging or deforestation is when humans remove or clear large areas of forest land and related ecosystems for non-forest use. These include cleaning for agricultural, livestock, and urban use. In these cases, the trees are never planted again. Some examples of logging include converting forests to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical forests. Around 30% of the land surface of the Earth is covered by forests.
Logging occurs for multiple reasons: trees are cut down to be used for construction or sold as fuel, (sometimes in the form of charcoal or wood), while the cleared land is used as pasture for livestock and plantations. Tree removal without sufficient reforestation has resulted in habitat damage, loss of biodiversity, and aridity. It has negative effects on the biodegradation of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforestation has also been used in warfare to deprive the enemy of cover for their forces and also vital resources. Modern examples of this were the use of Agent Orange by the British military in Malaysia during the Malaysian Emergency.and the United States military in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. As of 2005, net deforestation rates have stopped rising in countries with a per capita GDP of at least $ 4,600. Deforested regions typically suffer significant adverse soil erosion and are frequently degraded into wastelands.
Ignorance of the attributed value, lax forest management and poor environmental laws are some of the factors that allow deforestation to occur on a large scale. In many countries, deforestation, both natural and human- induced, is a constant issue. Deforestation causes extinction, changes in climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record. More than half of all terrestrial plant and animal species in the world live in tropical forests.
Between 2000 and 2012, 2.3 million square kilometers (890,000 square miles) of forests were reduced worldwide. As a result of deforestation, only 6.2 million square kilometers (2.4 million square miles) remain of the 16 million square kilometers (6 million square miles) of forests that once covered the Earth.
